Computer POST / beep codes

Topics Underneath!

POST ABCs
The steps of a POST
POST troubleshooting
AMI BIOS beep codes
Award BIOS beep codes
IBM BIOS beep codes
Macintosh startup tones
Phoenix BIOS beep codes
Motherboard help

POST ABCs

The computer POST (Power On Self Test) tests the computer, insuring that it meets the necessary system requirements and that all hardware is working properly before starting the remainder of the boot process. If the computer passes the POST the computer will have a single beep (with some computer BIOS manufacturers it may beep twice) as the computer starts and the computer will continue to start normally. However, if the computer fails the POST, the computer will either not beep at all or will generate a beep code, which tells the user the source of the problem.


The steps of a POST

Each time the computer boots up the computer must past the POST. Below is the common steps a POST performs each time your computer starts.

Test the power supply to ensure that it is turned on and that it releases its reset signal.
CPU must exit the reset status mode and thereafter be able to execute instructions.
BIOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be readable.
CMOS checksum must be valid, meaning that it must be readable.
CPU must be able to read all forms of memory such as the memory controller, memory bus, and memory module.
The first 64KB of memory must be operational and have the capability to be read and written to and from, and capable of containing the POST code.
I/O bus / controller must be accessible.
I/O bus must be able to write / read from the video subsystem and be able to read all video RAM.

If the computer does not pass any of the above tests, your computer will receive an irregular POST. An irregular POST is a beep code that is different from the standard one or two beeps. This could be either no beeps at all or a combination of different beeps indicating what is causing the computer not to past the POST.

If you're receiving an irregular POST document CH000607 contains all the steps a user can do to resolve the issue or help determine what hardware has failed in the computer so it can be replaced. If you're getting a beep code the remainder of this page contains a listing of each of the major manufacturers beep codes and what they each mean.


AMI BIOS beep codes

Below are the AMI BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.


Beep Code Descriptions Document
1 short DRAM refresh failure CH000996
2 short Parity circuit failure CH000607
3 short Base 64K RAM failure CH000996
4 short System timer failure CH000607
5 short Process failure CH000607
6 short Keyboard controller Gate A20 error CH000383
7 short Virtual mode exception error CH000607
8 short Display memory Read/Write test failure CH000607
9 short ROM BIOS checksum failure CH000607
10 short CMOS shutdown Read/Write error CH000239
11 short Cache Memory error CH000607
1 long, 3 short Conventional/Extended memory failure CH000996
1 long, 8 short Display/Retrace test failed CH000607



AWARD BIOS beep codes

Below are Award BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of different computer manufacturers with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep Code Description Document
1 long, 2 short Indicates a video error has occurred and the BIOS cannot initialize the video screen to display any additional information CH000607
Any other beep(s) RAM problem. CH000996

If any other correctable hardware issues, the BIOS will display a message.

IBM BIOS beep codes

Below are IBM BIOS Beep codes that can occur. However, because of the wide variety of models shipping with this BIOS, the beep codes may vary.

Beep Code Description Document
No Beeps No Power, Loose Card, or Short. CH000312
1 Short Beep Normal POST, computer is ok. No problem
2 Short Beep POST error, review screen for error code. See screen
Continuous Beep No Power, Loose Card, or Short. CH000607
Repeating Short Beep No Power, Loose Card, or Short. CH000607
One Long and one Short Beep Motherboard issue. CH000607
One Long and Two Short Beeps Video (Mono/CGA Display Circuitry) issue. CH000607
One Long and Three Short Beeps. Video (EGA) Display Circuitry. CH000607
Three Long Beeps Keyboard / Keyboard card error. CH000304
One Beep, Blank or Incorrect Display Video Display Circuitry. CH000607

Macintosh startup tones

Tones Error
Error Tone. (two sets of different tones) Problem with logic board or SCSI bus.
Startup tone, drive spins, no video Problem with video controller.
Powers on, no tone. Logic board problem.
High Tone, four higher tones. Problem with SIMM.

Phoenix BIOS beep codes

Below are the beep codes for PHOENIX BIOS Q3.07 OR 4.X

Beep Code Description / What to Check
1-1-1-3 Verify Real Mode.
1-1-2-1 Get CPU type.
1-1-2-3 Initialize system hardware.
1-1-3-1 Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.
1-1-3-2 Set in POST flag.
1-1-3-3 Initialize CPU registers.
1-1-4-1 Initialize cache to initial POST values.
1-1-4-3 Initialize I/O.
1-2-1-1 Initialize Power Management.
1-2-1-2 Load alternate registers with initial POST values.
1-2-1-3 Jump to UserPatch0.
1-2-2-1 Initialize keyboard controller.
1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM checksum.
1-2-3-1 8254 timer initialization.
1-2-3-3 8237 DMA controller initialization.
1-2-4-1 Reset Programmable Interrupt Controller.
1-3-1-1 Test DRAM refresh.
1-3-1-3 Test 8742 Keyboard Controller.
1-3-2-1 Set ES segment to register to 4 GB.
1-3-3-1 28 Autosize DRAM.
1-3-3-3 Clear 512K base RAM.
1-3-4-1 Test 512 base address lines.
1-3-4-3 Test 512K base memory.
1-4-1-3 Test CPU bus-clock frequency.
1-4-2-4 Reinitialize the chipset.
1-4-3-1 Shadow system BIOS ROM.
1-4-3-2 Reinitialize the cache.
1-4-3-3 Autosize cache.
1-4-4-1 Configure advanced chipset registers.
1-4-4-2 Load alternate registers with CMOS values.
2-1-1-1 Set Initial CPU speed.
2-1-1-3 Initialize interrupt vectors.
2-1-2-1 Initialize BIOS interrupts.
2-1-2-3 Check ROM copyright notice.
2-1-2-4 Initialize manager for PCI Options ROMs.
2-1-3-1 Check video configuration against CMOS.
2-1-3-2 Initialize PCI bus and devices.
2-1-3-3 Initialize all video adapters in system.
2-1-4-1 Shadow video BIOS ROM.
2-1-4-3 Display copyright notice.
2-2-1-1 Display CPU type and speed.
2-2-1-3 Test keyboard.
2-2-2-1 Set key click if enabled.
2-2-2-3 56 Enable keyboard.
2-2-3-1 Test for unexpected interrupts.
2-2-3-3 Display prompt Press F2 to enter SETUP.
2-2-4-1 Test RAM between 512 and 640k.
2-3-1-1 Test expanded memory.
2-3-1-3 Test extended memory address lines.
2-3-2-1 Jump to UserPatch1.
2-3-2-3 Configure advanced cache registers.
2-3-3-1 Enable external and CPU caches.
2-3-3-3 Display external cache size.
2-3-4-1 Display shadow message.
2-3-4-3 Display non-disposable segments.
2-4-1-1 Display error messages.
2-4-1-3 Check for configuration errors.
2-4-2-1 Test real-time clock.
2-4-2-3 Check for keyboard errors
2-4-4-1 Set up hardware interrupts vectors.
2-4-4-3 Test coprocessor if present.
3-1-1-1 Disable onboard I/O ports.
3-1-1-3 Detect and install external RS232 ports.
3-1-2-1 Detect and install external parallel ports.
3-1-2-3 Re-initialize onboard I/O ports.
3-1-3-1 Initialize BIOS Data Area.
3-1-3-3 Initialize Extended BIOS Data Area.
3-1-4-1 Initialize floppy controller.
3-2-1-1 Initialize hard-disk controller.
3-2-1-2 Initialize local-bus hard-disk controller.
3-2-1-3 Jump to UserPatch2.
3-2-2-1 Disable A20 address line.
3-2-2-3 Clear huge ES segment register.
3-2-3-1 Search for option ROMs.
3-2-3-3 Shadow option ROMs.
3-2-4-1 Set up Power Management.
3-2-4-3 Enable hardware interrupts.
3-3-1-1 Set time of day.
3-3-1-3 Check key lock.
3-3-3-1 Erase F2 prompt.
3-3-3-3 Scan for F2 key stroke.
3-3-4-1 Enter SETUP.
3-3-4-3 Clear in-POST flag.
3-4-1-1 Check for errors
3-4-1-3 POST done--prepare to boot operating system.
3-4-2-1 One beep.
3-4-2-3 Check password (optional).
3-4-3-1 Clear global descriptor table.
3-4-4-1 Clear parity checkers.
3-4-4-3 Clear screen (optional).
3-4-4-4 Check virus and backup reminders.
4-1-1-1 Try to boot with INT 19.
4-2-1-1 Interrupt handler error.
4-2-1-3 Unknown interrupt error.
4-2-2-1 Pending interrupt error.
4-2-2-3 Initialize option ROM error.
4-2-3-1 Shutdown error.
4-2-3-3 Extended Block Move.
4-2-4-1 Shutdown 10 error.
4-3-1-3 Initialize the chipset.
4-3-1-4 Initialize refresh counter.
4-3-2-1 Check for Forced Flash.
4-3-2-2 Check HW status of ROM.
4-3-2-3 BIOS ROM is OK.
4-3-2-4 Do a complete RAM test.
4-3-3-1 Do OEM initialization.
4-3-3-2 Initialize interrupt controller.
4-3-3-3 Read in bootstrap code.
4-3-3-4 Initialize all vectors.
4-3-4-1 Boot the Flash program.
4-3-4-2 Initialize the boot device.
4-3-4-3 Boot code was read OK.

How to Install a VNC Server in Fedora

Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a way to share the graphical desktop of one computer (server) with a remote computer (client). The client's keyboard and mouse input are transmitted over a network and control of the remote computer and all programs and commands are handled by the server. Fedora does not come with a VNC server application by default, but it can be installed via the software repository. Once installed, a password must be provided for the VNC server. This password should be unique to the VNC server and not the login password for the user.


Follow these steps!

Step 1 : Open a terminal window. The terminal window will be found in the operating system's main "Application" menu, under either "System Tools" or "Utilities". You will be presented with a command prompt where you will type the following commands.

Step 2: Type "su" to switch to the root user. If you are not a su logged in.

Step 3: Type the command "yum install vnc-server.i386" to install the software.

Step 4: Start the server by the command : vncserver

Step 5: Setup a good password for the vncserver and Go!

Elastic Fox for Cloud

ElasticFox is plugin for firefox to manage Amazon EC2 Instances. IA Windows EC2 Instance will be created and I will connect to it from windows machine.To connect to other AMI’s like Ubuntu from windows requires a slightly different procedure.

The plug in can be installed by running the XPI file here. Click install and restart Firefox when prompted. To launch the plug in go to Tools-> Elastic Fox.

Create an instance following the steps below:-

Enter your Credentials ( Identifying Name, Secret Key and Password)
Go to Group Tab and Click Add. Give a Group Name and Select Basic which allows ( SSH and RDP Requests ).
After This is added. Select the new group click Green Check on group permissions and select protocol HTTP and click on get my network range to enable access within this range.

Click on Images Tab, you will see all images available . Select one ” I selected Public Windows”. Right Click and Select “Start”. Select the Key and Move the Security group over and click ok. You can select instance types Overview of Amazon Instance Types here. The default instance is M1 for Windows ( C Drive 10gb, D drivd 146gb) with 2 GB Ram.

If you are using Windows, please right click on the instance, and select Show Console Output”. When the text “Windows is ready to use” appears, your instance is ready to use!.
Sample Console Output
"4/22/2009 2:10:20 PM: Message: Ec2Config Service is rebooting the instance. Please be patient.
4/22/2009 2:11:20 PM: Message: Windows is Ready to use"To connect to the Instance

Right Click on Instance and Get Administrator Password.
Get the Public DNS Name and User Remote Desktop to Connect to the Server.
Enter the User Name as “Administrator” and password and you will be able to login into Amazon EC2 Windows System.
That is all you need to do to access a machine on the cloud.

Please note

Anything you do on the server will not be saved if you restart instance without saving it on Amazon S3.
Dont forget to terminate the instance, you will charged if you leave instance running.
Windows Instance m1.1 has the following specifications. C Drive is 10gb and D drive is 146gb

The Elements of a E-Commerce Website

Your business may be small-but the Internet lets you think big. Whatever product or service your business offers, the Internet levels the playing field and lets you compete with bigger businesses, reaching customers around the world who can conveniently buy from you 24 hours a day.

But in the competitive world of the Web, growing your business and increasing your profits online requires some careful planning. For every successful e-commerce businesses, there are dozens that fail by not addressing basic risks and pitfalls along the way. So to take full advantage of the e-commerce opportunity, make sure you base your Web business on a solid foundation that covers every element of e-commerce:


Establish your identity. The right domain name, or URL, can make the difference between a memorable e-commerce identity and getting lost in the online crowd.

Find the right online home. For brick-and-mortar stores, location is everything. Your e-commerce business needs the right home, too. Purchase and set up your own Web server, or find a home for your site with the right Internet Service Provider or Web host.

Build an attractive storefront. With the right tools, creating a Web site is easier than ever-but following some basic guidelines will help make your site easy and fun for customers to navigate. And that means more sales for you.

Let customers know they can trust you. In the anonymous world of the Internet, customers will communicate private information, like credit card numbers or phone numbers, to your e-commerce site only if they're sure your site is legitimate and the information they send you is protected. Make sure your site is secure-and that your customers know it.

Make it easy for customers to pay you. You can set up your site so customers can pay by simply keying in a credit card number. But then how will you process that transaction? Make sure you not only offer customers a variety of convenient payment methods, but that you can process them all.

Let the world know about your site. A memorable domain name, a great-looking design, and top-notch products and services can make your site successful only if customers know about it. Don't neglect promoting your site to drive traffic to it.
Clearly, building the elements of e-commerce into your Web business is a big job, but it's too important to ignore if you want your e-business to grow and thrive. Just take the following steps to ensure that your e-commerce business gives you the competitive edge.



Understand the below steps

Step One: Establish Your Online Identity with the Right Web Address

The first step toward e-commerce is selecting the name of your site. Your Web address (also called a URL-Uniform Resource Locator-or "domain name"), tells customers who you are and how to find you on the Internet. It is the core of your Internet identity-your online brand. And because no two parties can have the same Web address, your online identity is totally unique.

A. What's In a Name? Everything. Remember that not only does your domain name tell customers exactly how to find your business on the Web, but also it communicates and reinforces the name of your business to every Web site visitor. It can also be used as part of your e-mail address to establish your online identity. Keep these tips in mind before you choose:

Make it memorable. "Amazon.com" is much catchier than "booksonline.com."

Describe your business. Another approach is to simply and logically describe your business. "Flowers.com" works perfectly for a florist. And if you are setting up an online presence for an established business, keep the name of your site the same as the name of your business.

Keep it short. The best domain names are those that customers can remember and type into their browsers after seeing or hearing them only once, so complicated strings of words like "onlinecdstore.com" don't work as well as a simple phrase: "cdnow.com."

B. How to Get and Manage Domain Names

Once you've decided on your Web identity, the next step is to determine if it is available and then register it with a domain name "registrar." Registering is easy and inexpensive, so do it as soon as you've decided on your domain name to make sure you get the name you want. Many businesses register a number of variations, just in case they want to use them later-or to avoid the risk of competitors obtaining similar names. You also may want to register common misspellings so that all customers who incorrectly type your address still find their way to your site instead of receiving an error message. E-commerce businesses most often register a name with "com" as the domain name suffix (the letters after the dot; also called a top-level domain, or TLD), but often also register their names with ".net" and ".org" (for "organization"). Other suffixes include ".tv" and ".edu" for schools and universities. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) recently announced seven new TLDs - .biz, .info, .name, .pro, .museum, .aero, and .coop.

1. How to Buy an Existing Domain Name What happens if the domain name you want is already registered? You can either choose another name or buy your first choice from whoever got it first. The fact that the name you want has already been registered doesn't necessarily mean it is not available for sale. You can easily find out whether a domain name that has already been registered is for sale.
2. How to Register Domain Names Worldwide The Internet is global-shouldn't your business be, too? Registration of multiple domain names for use around the world protects your intellectual property, brand name, and trademarks against infringement by global cybersquatters. If you plan to do business in other countries, you can register country-specific Web addresses (in country-specific TLDs such as .ita for Italy and .uk for the United Kingdom) with Network Solutions' idNames search and registration service. But as your business grows, you may find that registering and managing multiple domain names is a complex, time-consuming process. IdNames can also consolidate worldwide domain name management into a single centralized account if you have 50 or more domains. Once you've established your Web identity by selecting and registering your domain names, it's time to build your site.




II. Step Two: Build a User-Friendly Site

With a domain name in place, you're ready to start building your e-commerce storefront. But before you begin, take some time to plan.

A. Plan Your Site Carefully

First, identify clear marketing goals for your site, such as generating leads, building a database of potential customers' names and e-mail addresses, or putting a product catalog online to save the time and expense of printing and mailing. Quantify your objectives-such as increasing sales by 15 percent-so you know whether or not your site is successful. Then, figure out what your potential customers need to know before buying your products and services. This might include:

An overview of your company, its products and services, and their applications

Complete product or service descriptions, including features, key benefits, pricing, product specifications, and other information, for each product or service

Testimonials, case studies, or success stories so customers can see how similar individuals or organizations have worked with you

An FAQ section that anticipates and answers customers' common issues

Plan the structure of your site, focusing on making it easy for customers to learn what they need to know, make a purchase decision, and then buy quickly. Create a site map that outlines every page on your site from the home page down and how customers get from one page to the next. Use tools that quantitatively measure site activity-where customers are clicking, how often, and whether they end up purchasing-and then compare the results with your goals.

B. Choose the Right Site-Building Tools

With a solid plan in hand, you're ready to start constructing your e-commerce site. Many e-commerce businesses turn to professional design studios to create their Web sites. But if your budget is limited, many Web site building tools like online website builders make it fast and easy for you to create a polished, professional-looking site-with no in-depth HTML knowledge necessary. The entire process can put you on the Internet in less than 24 hours at convenient and affordable monthly prices.

C. E-Commerce Site Design Tips

Following these basic guidelines will help make your site not only attractive, but also easy for customers to use-and that means easy to buy from you.

Carefully examine your own favorite e-commerce sites. Creatively adapting the most compelling marketing and design techniques will enhance your site's effectiveness.

Your home page is your site's-and your business's-online front door. It's essential that it make a good first impression on visitors. Make sure it clearly presents the following basic elements that customers are always likely to look for:
· Your company name, logo, and slogan, prominently displayed. Take full advantage of the opportunity to showcase your brand identity.
· A link to an "About the Company" page for customers to quickly learn who you are and what your business offers.
· A site menu listing the basic subsections of your site. Keep this menu in the same place on every page throughout your site to make it easy to navigate.
· A "What's New" section for news, announcements, and product promotions. Frequently updating this area will encourage customers to return often.
· Contact information. Don't make it difficult for visitors to find your phone number, e-mail address, mailing address, and fax number.
· Your privacy statement, clearly describing your business's policy for protecting customer's personal information.

Make it easy for customers to explore your site. As you build your site, try to minimize the number of clicks it takes the customer to go from your home page to actually being able to click "buy" and checkout. Four to six is a useful rule of thumb. Make sure links make sense, so customers know what to click to find what they're looking for. Don't make your navigation buttons or links too dominant an element in your site design: instead, focus on product information.

Keep things simple. Don't fill up your site with graphics, animations, and other visual bells and whistles. Stick to the same basic color palette and fonts your company uses in other communications, like your logo, brochures, and signage. Ensure that images and graphics serve to enhance, not distract from, your marketing goals. Make sure your text is easy to read-black letters on a white ground may not be terribly original, but they are easier on the eyes than orange type on a purple background.

Keep download times short. Test pages to make sure they're not too overloaded with graphics that slow load times-and minimize the size of your images when possible. According to the Boston Consulting Group in American Demographics (August, 2000, p 46), nearly half of online shoppers surveyed said they left sites when pages took too long to download. Zona Research estimates that most Web pages take anywhere from 3 to 11 seconds to load, depending on the user's modem and Internet connection (remember: many e-commerce customers shop from home using slower connections). Most users click away to another site or log off if a page takes more than 8 seconds to load, costing e-commerce businesses billions in lost potential revenue.

As soon as you've completed this step, you're ready to put your site on the Internet.

III. Step Three: Set Up Your Web Server-or Select an ISP to Host


Your Site


Your Web site is a series of files that reside on a special computer, called a Web server, connected to the Internet. For customers to visit your site, they must actually connect to that Web server via the Internet and view the files. Web servers and the Internet connections that link them to visitors must be fast and powerful enough to quickly respond to all the visitors' requests to view your site.

Many businesses prefer the complete control of purchasing, setting up, and managing their own Web server hardware and software. Other small- and medium-sized e-commerce businesses prefer to turn to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or Web hosting company, instead of investing in the hardware, software, and infrastructure necessary to get online. For a monthly fee, ISPs and Web hosting companies will connect your site to the Internet at high speed via one of their Web servers, allowing the site to be viewed by anyone with an Internet connection and a Web browser. The host provides your site with space on a server, and also offers Web server software, access to its high-speed Internet connection, tools for managing and maintaining your site, customer support, e-commerce features, and more. There are hundreds of ISP and Web hosting options to choose from, so look for one that can meet all your needs.

IV. What to Look for in a Web Hosting Company

Shared hosting or dedicated server? Shared hosting is an arrangement in which your site is housed on the same host server with several other Web sites. This is an economical solution for smaller sites. Paying the host for your own dedicated server, a solution used by larger and busier sites, provides faster access and ensures that your site will be accessible to visitors 100 percent of the time (instead of sharing Web server speed and power with other sites). Does your ISP or Web hosting provider offer both options?

Hard-disk storage space. Smaller sites may need only 300-500 MB (megabytes) of Web site storage space, while busier e-commerce sites may need at least 9 GB (gigabytes) of space-or their own dedicated Web server. As your site grows, your ISP should be able to accommodate you with a range of options.

Availability. If you run an e-commerce business, your site must be accessible to customers 24 hours a day. ISPs and Web hosts maximize the availability of the sites they host using techniques like load balancing and clustering. Can your ISP promise near-100-percent availability?

E-mail accounts. E-mail accounts that match your domain name are often available from your ISP. Are they included with your monthly access and hosting fee?

SSL Encryption: The security of the credit card numbers and other personal information customers send you should be a top concern. Does your ISP or Web host protect your site with an SSL server ID? See Step IV below to learn more about Web site security.

Support. A big part of the value of turning to an ISP or Web host is that you don't have to worry about keeping the Web server running. Does your host offer 24x7 customer service?
V. Accept Credit Cards
Accepting credit cards and other methods of payment online for your online business is crucial to your businesses success. If a customer has to send you a money order by mail, your sales will suffer because most people won't want to do that. It's too slow to do it that way. They have to wait until the check gets to you in addition to waiting on the package to come from you. The hardest task with setting up an ecommerce website is to find a trustworthy and reliable service that will allow you to accept credit card payments online and without too many problems


VII. Step Seven: Promote Your Site
You can have a great web site, but if no one knows it's there it won't do you any good. Add it to search engines, directories, spam-free ffa pages, and guest books. Ensure not to put blatant advertisements in someone's guest book. That's very rude and would offend anyone. Take a look around the person's web site and tell them what you liked about it, while also leaving your link. Invite them to sign your guest book if you have one. You should attach your url to every email message you send out. This makes it easy for surfers to come back to your web site. Be patient because it takes time build up a steady flow of traffic. Paid Promotion is highly recommended because you don't have to wait to be listed in search engines.

VIII. Now, Start Selling

With an online identity, a Web host, an eye-catching, professional-looking Web storefront, rock-solid security, easy-to-use payment management, and the right promotions, your e-commerce business is ready to succeed in the competitive world of the Web.

Documentum

Documentum provides Enterprise Content Management (ECM) solutions enabling diversified organizations to integrate their distributed content and related business processes on a single platform, thus uniting teams to collaboratively create, manage, process, and deliver their unstructured content.

Documentum's clientele includes several big organizations that are successfully utilizing its widespread capabilities in expanding their core business by reducing their operating costs, deriving better ROIs, and achieving increased customer satisfaction by delivering just in time



Documentum Platform-Based Architecture

Documentum is implemented as a flexibleplatform that supports enterprise content management applications


Content Repository Layer: The Repository
The Documentum repository:
Stores content on a file storage system
Stores properties in a RelationalDatabase ManagementSystem (RDBMS)
Resides on a UNIX, Linux,or Windows server




Services Layer: Content Services

Content management services provided by the ECM platform
Common to all content types
Available to all applications

Alfresco

eBook for Documentum?

What is Alfresco?

Alfresco is an open source Enterprise Content Management system.

It's primarily implemented in Java, suited to a number of environments including J2EE and brings together the best of other open source projects in order to provide a complete set of Content Management solutions.

It is not tied to any particular web browser, operating system, application server or database.


Alfresco concentrates on content management in areas like

Document Management
Records Management
Image Management
Web Content Management





Ease on Alfresco use
Deploys as a complete working content management application
– Runs like a typical web application
~ Application server
! User interface
! Repository
~ Persistent back-end
! Database
! File system
~ Any number of web browsers
! No client installation costs


Alfresco architecture :

Based on Java platform

Spring framework used for dependency injection & cross cutting aspects
Security enforcement
Multilingual functionalities on content and metadata.

Alfresco has used OSS components and integrated them with Spring
Full text indexing ~ Lucene
database independence/persistence layer ~ Hibernate
Web pages generation and navigation ~ JSF
Document transformation, Meta data extraction ~ Imagic, Openoffice
Templating ~ FreeMarker, XSLT
Workflow ~ JBPM
Scripting ~ Rhino Server Side JavaScript, PHP integration on Server side and client side

Internal API structure
The API is structured around services
Service = lowest API level you should interact with Node Service, FileFolder Service, Authentication Service.

Alfresco Web Architecture:

Application server houses both the Alfresco Application & Alfresco Repository.

Storage of data and content is provided by persistent back-ends such as a database or file system



The Alfresco Repository provides a set of reusable cross-cutting Content Management services such as content storage, query, versioning and content transformation.

These services may be utilized by multiple applications

Support for
DM - Document Management
RM - Records Management
WCM - Web Content Management
~ Currently only uses subset of repository services
~ Adds complex layering and versioning support for sophisticated web production


Key Foundation Services

Alfresco Repository is responsible for the storage and retrieval of content

The following 3 services makes the base:
Node Service
Content Service
Search Service

Some of the Java based CMS available in Market

OpenCms :is a professional level Open Source Website Content Management System. OpenCms helps to create and manage complex websites easily without knowledge of html. An integrated WYSIWYG editor with a user interface similar to well known office applications helps the user creating the contents, while a sophisticated template engine enforces a site-wide corporate layout. As true Open Source software, OpenCms is completely free of licensing costs.

Cofax :is a web-based text and multimedia publication system. It was designed to simplify the presentation of newspapers on the Web and to expedite real-time Web publication.

It was designed originally at Knight Ridder to serve the content for several of its newspapers, including its largest, the Philadelphia Inquirer and Philadelphia Daily News. Cofax was the tool it used to manage and build numerous web sites across its network for two years.


Apache Lenya :is an Open Source Java/XML Content Management System and comes with revision control, multi-site management, scheduling, search, WYSIWYG editors, and workflow


MeshCMS :is an online editing system written in Java. It provides a set of features usually included in a CMS, but it uses a more traditional approach: pages are stored in regular HTML files and all additional features are file-based. It has been thought as a quick tool to edit pages online, without many of the features that most CMSes offer. MeshCMS simply helps you to edit pages, manage files and create some common components like menus, breadcrumbs, mail forms, image galleries and so on. There is no database, no content approval and no versioning. Not all people need those features and those giant-sized products that require too much time to be learned and too much system resources to run. MeshCMS is essential and requires few resources: the default 64MB heap is enough to host a handful of sites. Main features are: file-based, easy to install, cross-browser, wysiwyg editor integrated, file manager, themes, modules, tag library, page caching, hotlinking prevention.


dotCMS :is an open source, enterprise class content management system that integrates the best features of content management with built in personalization, eCommerce and CRM tools. It allows you to create data structures for various things and create relationships between them for easy database creation of dynamically generated form data with built in validation using standard perl regex that you can modify on the fly. It allows you to create containers that are included in templates that generate pages. You can use Velocity Macros in your templates that supports Ajax through XML-RPC, pagination, searching, and built in mp3 player, slideshow, and gallery functions. For content it has a really pretty WYSIWYG editor for standardized input. Macros available in the dotCMS system:

* Pulling and Displaying Contents
* Pulling and Displaying Contents in a paginated fashion
* Pulling and Displaying Related Content (Relationships)
* Photo Gallery
* Streaming MP3 Player
* MP3 Player Button
* MP3 Player Extended
* Events Listings
* Navigation Menu Builder
* Crumbtrails
* File Repository
* List files on the File System
* Title Generator
* Displaying Resized Images
* Executing a SQL Query
* Add a generic Comments component
* Add a site map to a page from a specified folder to a specific depth
* Add a site map to a page from the root of the site
* Get Content Rating
* Print the average rating of a content
* Print the number of votes on a content
* Video Player
* Add Permanent Link to a file, page or contentlet
* Add RDF trackback to a file, page or contentlet
* Display file,page or contentlet trackback history
* Tag Cloud
* Mailing List
* Build RSS From Content
* Build RSS
* Content Ticker



Hippo CMS :is an open source information centered content management system. It's targetted at medium to large organisations managing content for multi-channel distribution like websites and intranets. It facilitates an open and flexible way of using your information by following international accepted open standards. Hippo CMS is user friendly, has an open architecture and is designed for interoperability with existing environments. Hippo CMS is built to integrate external sources of content into one. Therefore, it uses all relevant open standards to allow this integration. For many existing sources, connectors are available in the codebase. The open architecture of Hippo CMS has the following advantages:

* Availability in the open source
* Works with open standards
* Reuse of content
* Separation of content, design, logic and the CMS system itself.
* User friendly user interface
* Native XML, 100 % JAVA
* No vendor lock-in The Hippo CMS project was initiated and is maintained by Hippo.nl. Hippo CMS is based on several proven open source projects, mainly from the Apache Software foundation.


JadaSite :An easy to use and feature rich Java based Open Sourced content management and e-commerce system. Jada Site not only allow users to maintain content with ease, it help sites and companies to market and sell their products. Jada Site has the following advantages.

* Free open source software.
* Can be installed "out of the box" without customization.
* Easy to use web interface.
* Runs on Java technology, a mature, highly scalable platform with excellent options for integration.
* Multi-site supports.
* Plug and play template system.
* Inventory control.
* Supports PayPal and other credit card payment gateways.
* Customer self service center.


Alfresco :is an open source Enterprise Content Management system.

It's primarily implemented in Java, suited to a number of environments including J2EE and brings together the best of other open source projects in order to provide a complete set of Content Management solutions.

It is not tied to any particular web browser, operating system, application server or database.

Content Management

What is Content Management System (CMS)?


vA good CMS can have these features :
• Allows the non-technical core business personnel to author/publish content without the assistance of IT staff (web developers)
• Separates the actual content from the structure (look-and-feel) by allowing an easy way to create templates and associated rules/presentation files
• Ensures that the content contributors adhere to the organization's website standards and also maintain security and navigational elements
• Ensures a mechanism to publish content in a timely manner so that the website
information is always up to date
• Consolidates business data and content in a single storage repository for faster
retrieval and also reduces the cost of maintaining hardcopy versions of content
• Allows authoring content via standard web browsers thus reducing training needs


Features of a Good CMS


• Allows easy creation/management of CMS users, groups, and roles
• Provides a built-in rich text editing interface to allow content authoring with
extensive features like formatting, hyperlinks support, image/file upload, and
copy-paste from other authoring applications
• Rules out the need to install any software on the end user machines
• Supports multiple simultaneous users
• Supports indexing/searching on the basis of metadata for the content
• Provides an extensive reporting system for both end users and system administrators

What is a Content?

-Conveys information to a user
-Is stored electronically as a file of a particular type :
•Document
•Web page
•XML document
•Report
•Executable
•Engineering drawing
•Scanned image
•Audio or video file
•Thumbnail file
•Record


Definition in short:

Content management is the organizing, categorizing, and structuring of information
resources (text, images, documents, etc.) so that they can be stored, published, and edited with ease and flexibility.
A content management system (CMS) is used to collect, manage, and publish content, storing the content either as components or whole documents, while maintaining dynamic links between components.